Invention of Standardized Money :: essays research papers

There were numerous purposes behind the development of normalized cash. To start with, no one needed to convey 30 pounds of grain to the exchange city that could have been 100 miles away. Second, it was hard to decide the genuine expense of various merchandise. For instance, on the off chance that someone needed to purchase milk for his family, it would nearly be difficult to make sense of a reasonable trade for grain. At last, the bargain framework restricted the individuals who might exchange with one another. Not every person would need to buy milk or grain. In total, there were such a large number of confusions and wasteful aspects in a deal economy. Individuals in antiquated occasions built up the idea of cash around the year 2500 B.C. A few students of history contend that it might have been significantly before. The primary type of ?cash? was silver in Mesopotamia. Silver worked simply like the cash we use today. It had a norm, it was said something shekels with the goal that one could decide the estimation of the silver comparable to its weight. Today, the manner in which we decide the estimation of our cash is by taking a gander at the number toward the edges of a bill. Like our cash today, silver was effectively convenient contrasted with products like milk and grain. The blemishes with the early silver cash framework were obvious. Someone could without much of a stretch take another compound metal and tell the dealer that it was silver. At the end of the day, forging was moderately simple. Thus, a trader would need know individual that was offering their silver so as to forestall misrepresentation. There were different guidelines of cash in better places. There were diverse mud tokens. Individuals who were not as well off as the individuals who paid in silver paid in less important metals like copper, tin, and lead, yet for the most part grain. In the end, shippers thought of a thought. In the event that a large portion of their clients paid in a specific money, at that point they would consequently take just that particular cash. This thought began to gradually execute off different monetary standards. By executing off monetary standards they were making silver the rule money. Innovation of Standardized Money :: articles research papers There were numerous explanations behind the innovation of normalized cash. To start with, no one needed to convey 30 pounds of grain to the exchange city that could have been 100 miles away. Second, it was hard to decide the genuine expense of various merchandise. For instance, on the off chance that someone needed to purchase milk for his family, it would nearly be difficult to make sense of a reasonable trade for grain. At last, the bargain framework constrained the individuals who might exchange with one another. Not every person would need to buy milk or grain. In entirety, there were such a large number of entanglements and wasteful aspects in a bargain economy. Individuals in old occasions built up the idea of cash around the year 2500 B.C. A few students of history contend that it might have been considerably before. The primary type of ?cash? was silver in Mesopotamia. Silver worked simply like the cash we use today. It had a norm, it was said something shekels with the goal that one could decide the estimation of the silver corresponding to its weight. Today, the manner in which we decide the estimation of our cash is by taking a gander at the number toward the edges of a bill. Like our cash today, silver was effectively convenient contrasted with merchandise like milk and grain. The imperfections with the early silver cash framework were apparent. Someone could without much of a stretch take another compound metal and tell the trader that it was silver. At the end of the day, forging was moderately simple. Subsequently, a trader would need know individual that was offering their silver so as to forestall extortion. There were different principles of cash in better places. There were distinctive dirt tokens. Individuals who were not as well off as the individuals who paid in silver paid in less important metals like copper, tin, and lead, however for the most part grain. In the long run, dealers thought of a thought. On the off chance that the vast majority of their clients paid in a specific money, at that point they would in this way take just that particular cash. This thought began to gradually slaughter off different monetary forms. By murdering off monetary forms they were making silver the overwhelm money.

Nursing Organizational change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing Organizational change - Essay Example That is until the ongoing financial down turn. Comanche has two or three significant issues right now, that will require significant change. They are running in the red like numerous emergency clinics however this has not transpired previously and they have an exceptionally conventional history and the Senior group is more seasoned and extremely customary in their methodologies. This is likewise valid for the subsequent layer or Senior Directors. They have had one lay off this year and the new monetary year started in July. The end o July figures demonstrated that they were operating at a profit by $134,000. A portion of the center level executives and chiefs have been supplanted by wearing down by increasingly ground breaking staff. Nonetheless, the greater part of them have been there a year and there has been little change and these new pioneers are getting exceptionally disappointed. This paper will talk about the change required at Comanche Regional Hospital Kotter (1996) discloses to us that there are eight phases of progress. Those stages are building up a need to keep moving, making the managing alliance, building up a dream and methodology, conveying the change vision, enabling an expansive base of individuals to make a move, creating transient successes, merging additions, and delivering significantly more change and systematizing the new methodologies in the way of life. The change activity that should experience these stages is a decrease of length of stay which will improve emergency clinic throughput. There are numerous issues identified with length of remain so for a shorter paper, releasing patients by early afternoon will be picked. Building up a desire to move quickly is the first of the eight phases of progress that are proposed by Kotter (1996). For Comanche Memorial Hospital, this won't be a basic undertaking. This is a gathering of senior pioneers that simply doesn't get bothered up about most things. . This has separated down through the remainder of the association and has made a feeling of lack of concern. The CFO for this situation comprehends the requirement for the change so the underlying arrangement here would be to illegal his assistance in assembling some sensible yet significant numbers together to show what can be picked up by improving this procedure. Persuading of the entire managerial gathering is significant (Kotter, 2008). at exactly that point would we be able to continue. This equivalent procedure will at that point need to go to the executive level and an impetus program here will work to set up criticalness. Making a controlling alliance for this situation ought to occur with the making of the principal desire to move quickly. Ordinarily, as indicated by Kotter (1996), the controlling alliance is offered credit to one individual yet on account of this medical clinic, that managing alliance must be the C suite and the Senior Directors. They should be persuaded and added to this gathering are the casual pioneers of patient consideration. This gathering must be sound however and must contain individuals who are movers on the grounds that to have a stale panel will just show the exercise that lack of concern is OK after all when the exercise should be, the train in proceeding onward, get on board. This alliance must have four sorts of capacity to be effective. Those incorporate position power which implies that there are sufficient of the key players on board to have any kind of effect (pg. 57), and aptitude which is that there are individuals in the gathering that have experience applicable to the issue. Believability is high just if the

Ode to the New, Part 3

Ode to the New, Part 3 Here is what Google Calendar has to say about my first two months at MIT. Week 1: Pre-Orientation Nothing really going on yet. Week 2: Orientation The overlapping begins. Week 3 onwards: School and beyond! Images not for the faint-hearted. Spiraling out of control. Now is probably an appropriate time to address the issues that Cam brought up in his post about being busy. In essence: deciding how to spend my time here has been really, really, really hard. The toughest part has been finding a balance between activities I did in High School, and new ones. The fact that MIT has over 450 student groups, ranging from a Rubiks Cube Club (no big surprise there) to Underwater Hockey (what?!) didnt help with the decision-making process. In High School, I did a lot with FIRST Robotics, Community Service, and music, and I definitely didnt want to stop doing any of those things once I got here. At the same time, it seemed like a shame to not try anything new. So, I had to adopt some kind of strategy. Its fairly simple. Its called the try everything strategy. Pass/No Record is a great time to do this â€" to adopt the “I want to be busy, but not solely with academics” attitude. The Activities Fair was a blur: I signed my name on so many mailing lists that I honestly forgot what I had signed up for until I received e-mails saying thank you for joining! When the dust finally began to settle, the first thing I did was sit down with my calendar and plug everything in, to figure out where decisions would have to be made, given the axiom “Anna is physically incapable of being in more than one place at one time”, or “Anna does not own a Time Turner*”. I ended up with evenings that looked like this Umm… which were clear violations of the axiom. So, decisions had to be made. I felt that I could only make those decisions through experience, and so ended up running from building to buliding (I got to know MIT really well), from meeting to meeting, trying to figure out what I enjoyed the most â€" what I cared the most about. As time went on, I shaved bits and pieces off my schedule, continually sifting, until I was left with something that worked logistically, and still left me with a few hours in the day to get work done. I found that the best test of whether I really enjoyed something â€" and didn’t just feel that I “should” do it â€" was how I felt on days (like yesterday) when I was particularly exhausted. If I felt like I was dragging myself there, then it was probably something to put lower on my priority list. On the other hand, I found plenty of activities that I was excited about going to, no matter what my current state of mind: activities that cheered me up on a bad da y. I also tried to stay away from activities that were too time-consuming â€" sports, for example â€" because I wanted to use this semester to do a large variety of things, rather than commit to one super-intensive activity right off the bat. I’ve eaten dinner with professors, and attended a talk about the Large Hadron Collider by a scientist who works there. On Fridays, I spend an hour in the T-Club Lounge, learning a Jazz/Contemporary dance piece choreographed by an MIT student (Hannah ’13!), and am currently in the process of organizing events for Brain Tumor Awareness Week with MIT BrainTrust. I’m learning how to reserve a room, how to publicize, and basically how to run an event from start to finish, from older students who have been through the process a zillion times before, and I can’t imagine that I would have been able to do this if I’d been more reserved about hitting the ground running here as far as extracurriculars go. On Thursdays, my four-person team cooks dinner for the 27 people in French House. Before this semester, the extent of my cooking skills was Instant Noodles, or an omelette if I was feeling adventurous, and my dance experience was limited to some ballet between the ages of four and ni ne. Next weekend, I’m going to a Students for the Exploration and Development of Space up in Illinois. I’ve randomly attended some Brain and Cog Sci talks (one about autism, another about cooperation). It’s impossible to be bored here. Absolutely impossible. You would have to try really, really hard to end up with “nothing to do”. At any given instant, there are mind-blowing things going on all over the Institvte, and I intend to take full advantage of that. Unfortunately, this means that prioritizing is necessary; there are a zillion things I would have loved to take part in this semester that I was simply not physically capable of doing. But there are only so many hours in the day. In the end, decisions have to be made, and I think that the healthiest attitude (and the one that keeps super indecisive people like me from just giving up entirely) is that it’s up to us whether our decision is the “right” one. Often, I have trouble making decisions because I’m worried that I’ll make the “wrong” one and I’ll miss out on some life-changing opportunity. I think, however, that a decision is only the “wrong” one if I don’t take full advantage of it. I think. That attitude is what keeps me going, anyway. And the hope that one day I can get my hands on a time turner*. *If you dont know what this is, go read some Harry Potter. Or click here.

Ophelias Madness in Hamlet - 612 Words

Madness is usually misinterpreted and misconstrued. Sometimes it is faked, sometimes it is nonsensical. However, that is not always the case. Ophelia’s madness in Shakespeare’s Hamlet is real and of great significance; furthermore, when seen with a discerning eye, Ophelia’s actions might not seem as irrational and without meaning and cause. Shakespeare displays Ophelia’s madness through her deranged singing and through the reactions of the other character to her strange behaviors. Throughout Act 4, Scene 5 of Hamlet, Ophelia sings in lieu of her usual formal speech. Gertrude had been warned by the gentleman prior to Ophelia’s entrance that â€Å"her speech is nothing† (4.5.7). When Ophelia enters, her first lines in the scene, after asking where Gertrude is, are of song. Ophelia sings, â€Å"How should I your true love know From another one? By his cockle hat and staff, And his sandal shoon,† which Gertrude does not understand (4.5.22- 25). Ophelia’s behavior has everyone concerned. When Ophelia leaves the first time, Claudius requests Horatio to â€Å"follow her closely† which reiterates Ophelia’s instability (4.5.73). Her brother Laertes also mentions her madness when he exclaims, â€Å"O heavens, is’t possible a young maid’s wits Should be as mortal as a poor man’s life?† (4.5.158-159). Ophelia’s madness is not without cause. Ophelia’s intense grief is the source of her madness. She suffers multiple blows to her heart. These blows are represented in her song. First, Hamlet, who she lovesShow MoreRelatedHamlet and Ophelia’s Madness Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesThe Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark is one of Shakespeare’s most tragic plays. Most of the characters in this play suffered a heartbreaking death, although, all of the characters faced anger, regret, madness or distress. Madness was a reoccurring theme in this play, two cha racters portrayed this more than others. Ophelia and Hamlet faced similar fates, with similarities and differences along the way, all to do with their madness. Hamlet and Ophelia were two young people in love and were supposedlyRead MoreOphelias Descent to Madness in Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagescould not take care of themselves. Shakespeare’s Hamlet shows how men treated and thought of women during the 1500s. There was an order most did not interfere with; however, some did. In the 1500s, women were supposed to conform to men’s wishes. Throughout the play, Ophelia first obeyed her father and brother’s wishes, ignored the social norms later, and then went mad, which caused her to never gain her own identity. To stay in control, the men in Hamlet taught Ophelia to fear her every day, naturalRead MoreThe Symbolism Of Ophelia s Hamlet 1500 Words   |  6 Pagesread and interpreted differently by two different readers? Text Analyzed: Shakespeare’s Hamlet Part of the Course to Which the Text Corresponds to: Part 4 Thesis: In Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, Ophelia’s role would be interpreted as a plot device by a modern English woman and as a victim by an Elizabethan woman. This would occur because of their understanding of the symbolism of Ophelia’s actions in madness, the context surrounding Hamlet’s view of her, and their characterization of Ophelia. Read MoreThe Symbolism of Ophelia’s Character Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesSubject Instructor Date The Symbolism of Ophelia’s Character The name Ophelia has been most commonly associated with William Shakespeares play, Hamlet, where she is referred to as the title characters mad lover. She is believed to have killed herself out of madness by drowning herself in a river. Interpretations about Ophelias character have ranged from being a woman who lost her sanity upon her father, Polonius death to being the object of hatred by Hamlet. However, despite her supporting characterRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Ophelia s Struggle And Madness1088 Words   |  5 Pages1 Pregnant with Madness— Ophelia’s Struggle and Madness in Hamlet Yi-Chi Chen Intergrams 11.2(2011): http://benz.nchu.edu.tw/~intergrams/intergrams/112/112-cyc.pdf ISSN: 1683-4186 Abstract Madness in Hamlet is one of the crucial themes for Shakespeare to depict the chaotic turbulence in the Hamlet family and the court of Denmark. Due to Claudius’s usurpation of the Old Hamlet’s crown and queen, characters such as Hamlet, Ophelia, and Gertrude suffer seriously from betrayal, resentment, and enragementRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1431 Words   |  6 Pagesplay â€Å"Hamlet,† we are introduced to the sorrow and tragic character of Ophelia. In spite of a comparatively marginal role throughout the play, Ophelia actually has quite a substantial impact on our understanding of the main character, Hamlet. With Ophelia’s highly controversial and often debated death, we are left to ponder about what truly constitutes action, attempting to make meaning of actions with relation to context. Specifically, through examining Gertrude’s description of Ophelia’s deathRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s, The Tragedy of Hamlet, each character stands out in unique ways. Madness is one of the crucial themes as Shakespeare depicts the chaotic turbulence in the Hamlet family and the court of Denmark. Though she is generally read as a minor character, Ophelia’s madness reveals the struggle of the female character that attempts to have a voice of her own. Ophelia’s life certainly seems tragic based on Aristotle s definition of tragedy, which says that â€Å"A tragedy is the imitationRead More Ophelia as a Foil to Shakespeares Hamlet Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesOphelia as a Foil to Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚      In Shakespeares tragedy, Hamlet, the audience finds a docile, manipulated, scolded, victimized young lady named Ophelia. Ophelia is a foil to Hamlet. Plays have foils to help the audience better understand the more important characters in the play.   The character of Ophelia is necessary so that the audience will give Hamlet a chance to get over his madness and follow his heart.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Similarities are an important part of being a foil. OneRead MoreHamlet, A Feminist Lens890 Words   |  4 Pages Hamlet Through A Feminist Lens Hamlet can be viewed through a feminist lens by focusing on Ophelia and Gertrude and how various other male characters treat them. Ophelia and Gertrude are dismissed as characters through the entire play because they are women. Hamlet refers to women as â€Å"frailty,† implying that they are weak and are dependent on men. Reason suggests that with out the males, Ophelia and Gertrude would simply have no story. Within the first scene of Hamlet the reader discoversRead MoreMadness In Hamlet Essay869 Words   |  4 Pagesan intervention. In Shakespeares Hamlet, the main character, Hamlet, decides to fake his own derangement in order to prove his uncle Claudius guilty of the murder of his brother, King Hamlet. To avoid anyone discovering him, he maintains his crazy act in front of his own love interest, Ophelia, perplexing her to the point of lunacy. One of the main contributors to Ophelia’s authentic madness is Hamlet’s pretense of insanity, leading to both Hamlet and Ophelia’s ultimate defeat. From the â€Å"big-picture†

Factors to Be Considered for a Research - 988 Words

Guideline for ajack019: All I want you to do here is to write all of this below in your words. No need to restructure or to add new stuff. The message across the whole document should not be change. Only thing that I want you to change are the sources which are marked in Red. Once I get this back from you I will order the rest immediately! Thanks! Methodology The researcher has several alternatives on how to gather the required data in order to conduct a thesis. One popular alternative is to us a self-administered questionnaire. There are many valid reasons to use this quantitative method. It is principally the most economical option and it is perceived by participants of a study to be more anonymous than other methods (Cooper and Schindler, 2006). Lastly, is also permits contact with participants who normally would be difficult to get in contact with due to their busy schedule. Specifically for this study it is a good alternative for this very reason as it is targeting executive managers who do have a busy schedule on a daily basis. A qualitative approach is another alternative one may use; a method where measurement or statistics are not used. Examples of qualitative methods are focus groups, interviews, case studies, and participant observations (Boeree, 2005). Method: This study used a quantitative method of research. According to Neuman (2007), quantitative analysis uses various techniques which permit a conversion of variables. In addition, it allows aShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Online Shopping Development1748 Words   |  7 Pagessatisfaction will be more considered than before. There are 7 most important factors during 3 buying process will influence customer satisfaction. Before buying process, website quality and product information and retailer information will influence customer satisfaction and buying activity. Payment security and pricing are other most important factors during buying activity will affect customer satisfaction. After that, delivering and customer service will be last two factors affecting customer satisfactionRead MoreWhat Is Conducting Marketing Research1319 Words   |  6 Pages Conducting Marketing Research Name Institution Date Introduction The marketing research is important in establishing the characteristics of the target market (Wong Law, 2002). This will enable the organization to strategize on how to reach more markets and increase sales. This paper will consider the exploratory research which may be conducted to establish the factors hindering the American minority groups from investing. Major Research Question What hinders many American minorityRead MoreDemand for Restaurants and Determinant Factors1548 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION The paper presents an analysis of the different factors influencing the restaurant industry and how these factors increase or decrease the demand for such services. The hypothesis that will be examined is that the performance of restaurants is mostly based on the type of food chosen by customers when they decide to go out for dinner, lunch, breakfast, or simply for a snack. What type of food refers mainly the nationality or concept of the food, (traditional American, Italian, IndianRead MoreAdolescence: Defined By Biology or Society? Essay703 Words   |  3 Pagesthe onset of adolescence revolve around puberty, biological changes of the body. Therefore I consider adolescence to begin in biology. Adolescence ends in society. Entrance into adulthood marks the end of adolescence. The definitions of who is considered an adult are defined by society and therefore I contest that adolescence ends in society. The onset of adolescence is marked by a sudden increase in the production of many hormones in the body. The hypothalamus, the part of the brain that controlsRead MoreThe Direct Genetic Loci Accounting For Schizophrenia s Heritability Is Still Unidentified1395 Words   |  6 Pagesgenetic, and biological factors. The exact cause of the disease is still unknown, but studies such as biometric and molecular screenings have proved genetic and biological factors, combined with environmental factors, is strongly connected to the etiology of the disease. Although schizophrenia is more commonly manifested during young adulthood, scientists believes, a variety of pre-birth factors are linked to the development of the disease. There are several prenatal factors that have a higher relativeRead MoreDesign Of The Construction Project Life Cycle1501 Words   |  7 PagesThe design phase in the construction project life cycle is considered as a significant contributor to the project performance. Many researchers have considered this phenomenon as being dependent on the project success which comprises of quality, cost, time and sustainability. Nowadays, most of the construction projects must be delivered through the fast track, therefore it is difficult to co-ordinate between the specialists and personnel as there is no accepted platform of good practice in managingRead MoreHow Interests And Interactions Shape Science And Technology967 Words   |  4 Pagesconstructed than a rock, but this statement does not accurately portray the facts. Dolomite has a long history that involves a number of people and social interests. Each person contributed to the discovery and identification of dolomite and social factors were at play during the scientific process. Hackling starts with the history of dolomite. In 1791, a French geologist, Deodat de Dolomieu, came across a type of limestone in the Tyrolean Alps. Then in 1792, Nicolas-Theodor von Saussure named the regionRead MoreCosta An d Mccrae s Five Factor Theory Of Personality And Eysenck s Pen Theory1496 Words   |  6 PagesCosta and McCrae’s Five Factor theory of personality and Eysenck’s PEN theory have been the subject of significant research in an effort to better understand human personality. This paper focuses on two opposing theories: Costa and McCrae’s Five Factor model, a lexically-based theory with five factors, and Eysenck’s PEN model, a biologically-based theory with three core traits of personality. Utilizing factor analysis, Raymond Cattell (1946) recognized 16 personality factors (16pf). Cattell believedRead MoreExistence Of Agile Team Environment1482 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful. 6.3. DEA Analysis For DEA analysis we have considered each individual survey participant and his/ her opinion on the survey as DMU and considered them as projects individually, since each participant represent a project. Inputs taken for the analysis are cost, hours spent on that project, outputs as level of compliance and profit (Income) attained from the project development. As there are total of 4, inputs and outputs, we considered 10 DMUs for each methodology (Agile, Traditional andRead MoreWho Is Serving As A Customer Service Manager For A Major Retail Bank1209 Words   |  5 Pagesstatement, items and research inquires. We receive inquires for many bank products such as checking, saving, certificate of deposits, credit cards, individual retirement accounts and line of credits. We work with customers, internal employee, legal entities and government agencies. Based on the Five Factor Personality Model, the author received a score of high as an extravert and moderate with other personality types with the exception of agreeableness with a low. This research paper will examine if

Teen pregnancy and sex education Free Essays

Adolescent birth rates have gone up and down over the past 60 old ages ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage_pregnancy ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Teen pregnancy and sex education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Adolescent gestation is defined as an minor teenage miss going pregnant. The term in mundane address normally means that a adult females who has non reached legal maturity who has become pregnant. Most females in America seem to believe that holding a kid is cool or they want something to name their ain. Teaching adolescents about safe sex and the jobs associated with gestation can travel a long manner in assisting adolescent birth rates to go on to drop. Adolescents who have babes are more likely to non complete high school and have their hereafter programs messed up. Unfortunately the United States still has the highest rate of teenage gestations when compared to other states of similar position ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.preganatteenhelp.org/articles8.html ) . Babies born to teenage mas have a more likely opportunity of holding a low birth weight and this can take to all kinds of medical jobs later in life. This goes back to instruction about sex and gestation bar in schools and places. One of the biggest issues that needs to be addressed in the battle between abstention merely and sexual instruction is adolescent gestation. Pregnant adolescents face many of the same jobs as adult females in their 20s and 30s. The babes born to these adolescent female parents are most likely to hold lower instruction and populate in higher rates of poorness, and or other poorer â€Å" life results. â€Å" ( Teenage Pregnancy – Wi kipedia ) . For female parents between 15 and 19 old ages, age in itself is non a hazard factor, but extra hazard may be associated with socioeconomic factors. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage_pregnancy ) . There are many groups or oranganizations that help salvage or at least attempt to salvage the many kids that are born to these immature teenage mas. The adolescent birth rate in the United States is the highest in the developed universe, and the adolescent abortion rate is besides high. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage_pregnancy ) . Harmonizing to information available from the Guttmacher Institue, sex by age 20 is the normal age across the universe, and states with low degrees of adolescent gestation accept sexual relationships among adolescents and supply comprehensive and balanced information about gender. Womans exposed to mistreat, domestic force, and household discord childhood are more likely to go pregnant as ado lescents, and the hazard of going pregnant as a adolescent increases with the figure of inauspicious childhood experiences ( Teenage gestation – Wikipedia ) . The Adolescent gestation scheme has had mixed success. Although teenage gestations have fallen overall, they have non fall systematically in every part, and in some countries they have increased. There are inquiries about weather the 2010 mark of a 50 % decrease on 1998 degrees can be met ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wiki/Teenage_pregnancy ) . But to run into these rates or statistics most adolescents should concentrate on the importance of abstention. Most subjects of this topic merely point out the chief thought and concentrate on one thing but you have to maintain discoursing the importance of the topic, because if non so the readers want believe much about it and non take it earnestly. Supports of abstinence-only motion frequently favor excepting information about safe sex, which they believe encourages pupil s to go sexually active ( Immell, Teen Pregnancy pg.9 ) . Research workers, nevertheless indicate that as of yet there is no definite cogent evidence that abstinence-only plans impede accelerate, or cut down sexual activity ( Immell, Teen Pregnancy pg.10 ) . In the United States the subject of sex instruction is the topic of much combative argument. Some schools provide these â€Å" abstinence-only † instruction and virginity pledges are progressively popular. A squad of research workers and pedagogues in California have published a list of â€Å" best patterns † in the bar of adolescent gestation, which includes, in add-on to the antecedently mentioned constructs, working to â€Å" transfuse a belief in a successful hereafter, † male engagement in the bar procedure, and planing intercessions that are culturally relevant ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage_pregnancy ) . Young maternity in an industrialised state can impact employment a nd societal category. Less than one tierce of teenage female parents receive any signifier of child support, immensely increasing the likeliness of turning to the authorities for aid. Teenage maternity may really do economic sense for poorer immature adult females, some research workers suggest ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teeenage_pregnancy ) . Most adolescent misss think that holding a babe is all right every bit long as they are taken attention of and populating in the right environment, but small do they cognize the after math or the impact of birth of the kid. Early maternity can impact the psychosocial development of the baby. One survey suggested that stripling female parents are less likely to excite their baby through fond behaviours such as touch, smiling, and verbal communicating, or to be sensitive and accepting toward his or her demands ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage_pregnancy ) . As many of us know being a adole scent female parent is non easy and does non look like it will be any clip shortly but we have to maintain informing our teens on the of import of abstention. The inquiry still remains will the rates of teenage gestations continue to lift or will it easy fall? The merely reply to this inquiry is to maintain back uping your close schools and go on to inform your kids about abstention merely and the hazards of holding a kid. Work Cited worth, richard. Single parnet households. New York: Miami trumpeter publication company, 1992. Print. immell, myra h. San Diego: greenhaven imperativeness, 2001. Print How to cite Teen pregnancy and sex education, Essay examples

Observing Wolves Essays - Gray Wolf, Scavengers, Essay,

Observing Wolves Observations All of the essays have one thing incommon, they all deal with observing animals. And with their observation comes at times interaction. They might "mingle" with these animals. Or the observers would just sit there and do what they are supposed to, observe. Our race, is naturally curious and interested in the unknown. In other words what we do not know or understand we try to understand. We try to understand our surroundings. In doing this, we would have gained knowledge. In Mowat's essay, "Observing Wolves", Mowat attempts to make first contact by urinating his "territory". And he observes the wolves social structure. He know that the wolves are observing him as well in his essay. And he wonders if they would act the way they do around humans. In Goodall's essay, "First Observations", Goodall makes actual physical contact with one of the chimpazees. But she does nothing to try to get closer to them. Instead she goes on a scientific approach towards the situation. She observes the chimpazees actually eating meat. She was extremely surprised because the rest of the world thought that chimpazees were vegetarians. She also observed the chimpazees making the use of tools. Such as sticking a blade of grass into a termite mound to get at the insects. In Booth's essay, "The Social Lives of Dolphins", Booth draws a parallel between the lives of dolphins and the lives of chimpazees. He compares the two creatures showing their likenesses. With some minor differences. This essay is based on observations of another group as well, who were Conner and Smolker (undergraduate students 1982). With the work of all the observers, it seem that even though we have been on this earth for a million years. We are now just beginning to understand it. The essays seems to say "We are beginning to understand ourselves."

The Puritans and Plymouth Colony essays

The Puritans and Plymouth Colony essays Amer. governor of the Plymouth Colony for 30 years. A member of the Separatist movement within Puritanism, in 1609 he went to Holland to seek religious freedom. Finding a lack of opportunity there, in 1620 he helped organize an expedition of about 100 Pilgrims to the New World. He helped draft the Mayflower Compact aboard the group's ship, was unanimously chosen governor, and served as governor of the Plymouth Colony for all but five years from 1621 to 1656. He helped establish and foster the principles of self-government and religious freedom that characterized later Amer. colonial government. His descriptive journal provides a unique source of both the voyage of the Mayflower and the challenges faced by the settlers. Bradford was a native of Ansterfield, Yorkshire, in the north of England, where he was born in the year 1588. His pecuniary circumstances were easy, when he followed persecuted Puritans to Holland and became fully identified with them in exile. From early life he had been accustomed to their teachings; and at the age of seventeen years, he attempted to sail to the Netherlands, with some others, where their harassed brethren had gone. Betrayed, he was seized and imprisoned at Boston, in Lincolnshire, for awhile, but finally escaped and joined the fugitives at Amsterdam, where he learned the silk weaver's art and pursued it. On receiving his patrimony, he entered into unsuccessful commercial operations, and lost a greater portion of it. When the establishment of a free colony in America was projected at Leyden, he was one of the most zealous promoters of the measure; and he and his young wife were among the earliest emigrants to that land of promise. Before a site was selected for a settlement, and while the Mayflower was yet riding at anchor in Cape Cod Bay, Mrs. Bradford fell into the sea and was drowned. That was the first death among the Pilgrims after their arrival on the coast of America. Bradford was very popul...

Learning German Verb Conjugations

Learning German Verb Conjugations One useful verb for any wanderer to learn is to travel. In German, the word fahren  means to travel or to go. Learning to properly conjugate this word will help you tell your new friends all about your journey. If youre lost and looking for directions, youll be thankful you know how to say were traveling  to   Berlin when asking for help. In some cases fahren is also used to mean drive or have driven, this will usually be apparent from the context of the sentence. Stem-Changing Verbs German, like many other languages, has what is known as stem-changing verbs. This means that the stem or ending of the word is what changes based on who the action is referring to. These endings will remain consistent throughout the language for regular stem-changing verbs. Unlike in English, where I take and we take uses the same form of the verb in German the stems of the verb would change. This can make learning the language easier because you only need to remember the roots of most verbs. Unfortunately, nehmen is also an irregular  verb. This means there are times when it does not follow the normal rules of stem-changing verbs. Learn How Fahren is Conjugated in All Tenses The following charts will show you how the  German verb  fahrenis conjugated in all its tenses and moods. Fahren Present Tense -  Prsens Singular Deutsch English ich fahre I travel/am traveling du fhrst you travel/are traveling er sie fhrt es he she travelsit Plural wir fahren we travel/are traveling ihr fahrt you (guys) travel/are traveling sie fahren they travel/are traveling Sie fahren you travel/are traveling Examples: Fahren Sie heute nach Hamburg?Are you going/traveling to Hamburg today?Er fhrt mit dem Zug.Hes taking the train. Possible meanings of  fahren:  to travel, go, drive, ride, sail, take, move, transport Fahren Simple Past Tense -Imperfekt Singular Deutsch English ich fuhr I traveled du fuhrst you (fam.) traveled er fuhrsie fuhres fuhr he traveledshe traveledit traveled Plural wir fuhren we traveled ihr fuhrt you (guys) traveled sie fuhren they traveled Sie fuhren you traveled Fahren Compound Past Tense (Pres. Perfect)  Perfekt Deutsch English Singular ich bin gefahren I traveled/have traveled du bist gefahren you (fam.) traveledhave traveled er ist gefahrensie ist gefahrenes ist gefahren he traveled/has traveledshe traveled/has traveledit traveled/has traveled Plural wir sind gefahren we traveled/have traveled ihr seid gefahren you (guys) traveledhave traveled sie sind gefahren they traveled/have traveled Sie sind gefahren you traveled/have traveled See more verbs in our  20 Most-Used German Verbs. Fahren  Past Perfect Tense  Plusquamperfekt Deutsch English Singular ich war gefahren I had traveled du warst gefahren you (fam.) had traveled er war gefahrensie war gefahrenes war gefahren he had traveledshe had traveledit had traveled Plural wir waren gefahren we had traveled ihr wart gefahren you (guys) had traveled sie waren gefahren they had traveled Sie waren gefahren you had traveled See more verbs in our  20 Most-Used German Verbs.

Write an annotated bibliography of five sources for hydrogen fuel cell

Write an of five sources for hydrogen fuel cell cars - Annotated Bibliography Example Authors in this study highlight diverse aspects related to hydrogen knowhow especially in terms of transportation, conversion and distribution, which experts ought to consider (Corbo, Migliardini & Veneri, 2011). They have also given an analysis of the current and available fuel cell technologies in relation to hydrogen in quest of ascertaining the equipments’ realization of the required efficiency. This source comprises of valid information best for researchers and those who may intend to venture in the field of implementing hydrogen knowhow. In this source, SÃ ¸rensen acknowledges the breakthrough so far made regarding the usage of hydrogen in improving global economy besides safeguarding environment (SÃ ¸rensen, 2012). However, he raises varied and critical concerns regarding emergent knowhow meant to extract hydrogen, store and distribute to various destinies where humanity intends to use it. It is from this perspective that SÃ ¸rensen highlights varied aspects regarding hydrogen knowhow including benefits and obstacles, which the researchers ought to consider. The author of this reference is a global-renowned energy researcher who has offered a rich literature meant for study especially in the energy field (SÃ ¸rensen, 2012). Hwang highlights benefits of utilizing hydrogen as fuel in scooters compared to the tradition traditional based petroleum fuels. According to his study, the new emergent hydrogen knowhow does not pose threat to the environment and it is rapidly replacing petroleum-based fuels. This is because hydrogen cell scooters do not contribute to the emission of GHGs (Hwang, 2012). Therefore, the source’s information is essential in outlining benefits, which the current knowhow posses over the traditional petroleum-based in comparison. Raine in this article reports Europe’s readiness in implementing the Hydrogen knowhow. Since, it is cheap compared to the former fuels especially

Principles of Marketing Management - Assignment 2

Principles of Marketing Management - 2 - Assignment Example The plan will cover different external as well as internal environmental analysis of the company for the purpose of having long term sustainability in the market and attain a better competitive position. Ikea Estates is a sister concern of Inter IKEA Holding. The company operates in a decentralised manner in which each division of the company owns its own responsibilities. In addition to this, different business lines and operations are handled by their own managements. In this context, Ikea Estates is a separate and independent concern under the flagship of Inter IKEA Holding. This division of the group deals in real estate properties like housing. The prime quest of this division is to create long term value for the division as well as entire group with the help of making investments in properties. In addition to this, the overall operations of the organisation includes the development of new properties, land banking and undertaking of the active management the portfolio of properties that can be proved quite efficient to retrieve maximum amount of returns from the investments (Property Division 2013). Ikea Estates was recognised as a separate division of the entire group in the year 1990, when housing and real estate market was on boom phase. This division of the country is quite expended and geographically diversified. There are 8 different European countries in which, the company has registered its footprint quite intensively. These countries are Spain, the Netherlands, the UK, Poland, Latvia, Belgium, Romania, and Lithuania ((Property Division 2013). The company is well known for its factory built housing schemes offered to the customers after the recent financial crisis. The concept of wood cladded and wonky roofed houses emerged by the company was exceptional and proved as one of the most successful business ideas after the recent financial crisis that has made the perception of people regarding real estate as an investment

Organizational Behavior Concepts: Self-Analysis

Organizational Behavior Concepts: Self-Analysis Vineesh Nambiar   Organizational Behavior Concepts: Self-Analysis and Team Assessments with Recommendations and Analysis The makings of a successful organization can generally be traced back to its ability to define itself from day one; very few organizations succeed if top level management doesnt lay down the rule of the land as far as expected Organizational Behavior is concerned. What exactly is Organizational Behavior? It basically relates to the study of the structurally set-up social system in an enterprise. In laymens terms, Organizational Behavior is a deeper look at the relationship employees (as individuals as well as in groups) have with a firm. The purpose of this paper is to examine different aspects of Organizational Behavior at various levels while simultaneously identifying managerial skills sets and attitudes that are beneficial at aiding in the successful fulfillment of objectives as it pertains to employee management. Using the CROAPI model, this paper looks to delve deeper into the following: Human Process Individual in the Organization Group Dynamics Influencing Others Organizational Processes Primarily this paper looks to shed light on self and critical evaluation of the concept of the team; mainly concerning itself with the important and practical guidelines associated with the facets that traditionally fall under the larger umbrella of Organizational Behavior. Starting with team cohesion, the aforementioned facets are as follows:    Team Cohesion Aristotle once said that The whole is greater than the sum of its parts and there can be no quote in existence that better summarizes the underlying relevance of team cohesion. Cohesiveness among teammates in any organization is essential for the maximization of effectiveness and efficiency when it comes to a firm. The similarity among members, the size of a team, the interaction between members and the overall penchant that a team shows for actively and aggressively pursuing success are some of the factors looked into when it comes to team cohesion. Social Loafing The next section deals with the phenomenon known as social loafing. A term devised to reflect the inability of some members in an organization to contribute a relatively acceptable level of performance when it comes to group tasks, potential and existing social loafers must always be on the radar of managers. There are a myriad of ways in which this issue can be dealt with: emphasizing the importance attached to a task, highlighting the work contribution of an employee and reducing the size of a task group are some of these. Motivation A manager has to put up with numerous expectations that sound easy on paper but nigh impossible in practice; keeping an employee or a set of employees at a constant level of high motivation falls under this category. This section of the report examines different theories that are associated with employee motivation as a unique, separate concept. These theories include Maslows Theory of Motivation, the Equity Theory of Motivation and the Expectancy Theory of Motivation. Personality Using the Five-Factor Model, this report aims at outlining different personality traits and establishes relevant relationships between these and employee performance. The parameters used under this model are Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness to experience and Extraversion (CANOE for short). Gauging personalities is often an underrated aspect of managerial expertise and hence, this paper looks to expand on the topic in an analytical manner. Perception The perception can arise in an organization as the process of receiving information about, and making sense of, the world around us. This can lead to different problems within an organization or team. Creating Self-Fulfilling Prophecies and Minimization of Stereotyping, Attribution Errors, Halo Effect it can be managed in an organization. Values across Cultures Cultural values are very often overlooked when managerial decisions are undertaken. The prevalence of a one-size-fits-all mentality is generally found to be the culprit beyond this sort of dodgy decision making. Via the use of Hostfedes data on Germany and the United Arab Emirates, an analysis has been carried out in this report with emphasis on the differences between collectivism and individualism as well as power distance as it relates to potential managerial techniques that need to be employed. This paper ultimately aims at not just critical self-evaluation of the team but also the analytical formulation of recommendations that can aid in systematically and logically dealing with any plausible problems that can arise under the gamut of Organizational Behavior. Using conceptually-approved managerial measures of evaluation, the following pages seek to ask questions and deliver answers to many different aspects of Organizational Behavior. The paper will cover the following individual sections Self and Team analysis Team Cohesion Social Loafing Motivation Personality Perception Values Across Culture I have done a self-analysis and have posted a picture of myself in the analysis and also I have interviewed my team members Madison Rase, Duo Wang and Zui Tao on their educational qualifications, professional and career aspirations and the professional achievement that they are proud of. TEAM MEMBER QUALIFICATION AND OBJECTIVE SELF- Vineesh Nambiar I am an international student from India and hold a Bachelors in Computer Science Engineering from Anna University, India. I am currently Pursuing my MBA at SVSU and my interests are in Web Application Development and Cloud Computing. I have 2 years of experience in developing applications using Java and web Applications. My career objective is to pursue a dynamic and challenging career with an organization of repute, which will give value addition to the organization as well as opportunity to enhance professional skills while getting high level of satisfaction and recognition. Madison Rase Madison is currently pursuing a Bachelors degree in chemistry with an anticipated graduation date of May 2017 and simultaneously pursuing an MBA with an anticipated graduation date of May 2018. She is an experienced Lab Technician at the Dow Corning Corporation where she has created and evaluated formulations for customer standards and has also helped in correcting production issues. Her career objective is to have her own business working with the design and production of cars. Duo Wang Duo Wang is an international student from China who holds a Bachelors degree in animation design from Guilin University of Electronic Technology, China. She is currently pursuing her MBA at SVSU. She has an aspiration to work for an animation company. While she was doing her undergraduate degree, she was a member of the students association for three years and, also served as the head of the association for a year. This experience gave her an insight on how to work in a team and what teamwork is all about Zui Tao (Chris) Chris is an international student from China. He earned his Bachelors degree in General Business from SVSU. His aspiration is to have a successful management career in the U.S.A and more specifically in Human Resource Management. He has two years volunteering experience and used to run a department in the association. He is looking forward to reflecting on his personal values with and his abilities. Team cohesion (Appendix A- Figure 2).refers to the degree of attraction people feel toward the team and their motivation to remain members. It is a characteristic of the team, and includes the extent to which its members are attracted to the team, are committed to the teams goals or tasks, and feel a collective sense of team pride. Thus, team cohesion is an emotional experience, not just a calculation of whether to stay or leave the team. It exists when team members make the team part of their social identity. Team development tends to improve cohesion because members strengthen their identity to the team during the development process. Following where the factors that lead to high cohesion of our group where these factors reflect an individuals social identity within the group and beliefs about how team membership will fulfill her or his personal needs. Member Similarity: This was very applicable to our team as all of us are pursuing an MBA degree in SVSU and has definitive objectives after completing the course. Team Size: This is also very relevant to our team as we are at the right number of team members. Member Interaction: we periodically communicate or interact with the team members using E-mails, Text, and group meetings. Team Success: This is the first project we are doing as a team and we expect to perform well and will be willing to work as the same team should we all be together in another course at SVSU. Social Loafing happens when a group member exerts less individual effort when doing an addictive task in groups than when working alone (McShane and Von Glinow, 2015, p. 224). This occurs when a large group is formed, the lower will be the impact of force on any of the one member in it. Thus, more the people who might be contributing for the group production, the less pressure each person faces and will result less responsible for behaving appropriately and social loafing occurs. Following are the ways by which social loafing can be overwhelmed. Emphasize the importance of the work: People are unlikely to go for free rides when they believe that the tasks that they are performing are vital to the organization. To help this I would explain to my team members the nature of contribution of work they need to do towards the team project. Making the team members identifiable: Social loafing occurs when people feels that they can get away by taking it easy, under conditions in which each individuals contribution cannot be determined. It can only be overcome when ones contribution to an additive task are identifiable. It is that potential loafers are unlikely to loaf if they have the fear of getting caught. Rewarding individuals for the contribution to their teams performance: The employee must be given with a bonus or some sort of recognition when they succeed in their task. In such situations, each member would benefit from the team success which encourages the individuals to contribute for their teams performance. In our team, we appreciate the good work done by each team member in an attempt to motivate each other. Reduced Group size: It will be very easy to track the performance of the individuals in a small group where as in large groups judging of the individuals cannot be done. The members of a team will be cautious about the responsibility when they are in a small group. Our group stated as a small team of 4 which was ideal to manage without issues. Motivation refers to the forces within a person that affect the direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior (McShane and Von Glinow, 2015, p. 124). It is one of the several determinants of job performances but not equivalent. People are motivated with the work ethics as they seek interesting and challenging jobs. Managers are the key peoples to motivate the team to reach the organizational goals. Ways of motivating a team: MASLOWs Theory of Motivation: Maslows needs hierarch theory Developed by psychologist Abraham Maslow in the 1940s, the model (Appendix A- Figure 3). condenses and integrates the long list of drives and needs that had been previously studied into a hierarchy of five basic categories (from lowest to highest): physiological (need for food, air, water, shelter, etc.), safety (need for security and stability), belongingness/love (need for interaction with and affection from others), esteem (need for self-esteem and social esteem/status), and self-actualization (need for self-fulfillment, realization of ones potential) (McShane and Von Glinow, 2015, p. 127). Maslow suggested that we are motivated simultaneously by several primary needs (drives), but the strongest source of motivation is the lowest unsatisfied need at the time. As the person satisfies a lower-level need, the next higher need in the hierarchy becomes the primary motivator and remains so even if never satisfied. We adopted some of the techniques that come under the different categories of the theory to motivate the team members. Physiological Needs Provide input for employee salaries and bonuses. Safety Needs Ensure the correct tools for the job are available. Create an environment where individuals are comfortable challenging requests that are dangerous. Social Needs Schedule weekly project team meetings. (Adopted) Get the team together to celebrate project milestones. (Adopted) Esteem Needs Recognize team members for excellent contributions to the project. (Adopted) Ensure each team member understands how important they are to the project. (Adopted) Self-Actualization Needs Consider each team members tasks goals when assigning tasks. (Adopted) Empower team members so that they can develop and grow. (Adopted) EQUITY Theory of Motivation: Equity theory (Appendix A- Figure 4) claims that people desire to attain an equitable balance between the ratios of their outcomes and inputs and the corresponding ratios of comparison to other (Jerald Greenberg, 2011, p. 224). Inequitable states of overpayment inequity and underpayment inequity are undesirable, motivating people to try to attain equitable conditions. Responses to inequity may be either behavioral like raising or lowering ones performance or thinking differently about work contribution, a psychological way. To avoid negative reaction such as strikes, reduced work, resignation overpayment and underpayment inequity must be avoided. In our team, we made sure that the tasks were equally allocated or distributed so that no one team member is overwhelmed with their assigned tasks. Employee engagement: It is described as an emotional involvement in, commitment to, and satisfaction with work (McShane and Von Glinow, 2015, p.124). In our team after assigning the tasks we made sure that members were in agreement with their assignments so that they have 100% involvement, committed and enjoyed working on their assignments/ tasks. EXPECTANCY Theory of Motivation: A motivation theory based on the ideas that work effort is directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcomes (McShane and Von Glinow, 2015, P.133).Three components of expectancy theory are: Effort-to-Performance expectancy: It is ones belief that his or he effort towards the task will result in a particular level of performance. Performance-to-Outcome expectancy: This theory is based on the principle that a particular result will be obtained if one displays a specific behavior or performance level. Outcome valences: valence is the expected or desired satisfaction or dissatisfaction an individual feel towards the results. Personality can be defined as the outline of thoughts, emotions and behaviors that characterize a person along with the psychological process associated with those characteristics. Personality have five dimensions which comes under Five-Factor Model (FFM) and they are (CANOE) Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness to experience and Extraversion (Appendix A- Figure 1). Conscientiousness: It is the predisposition of an individual or a person to do what is right, especially to do ones duty well and thoroughly. Agreeableness: Nature of an individual to be compassionate towards others. Neuroticism: It is the tendency of an individual to experience unpleasant emotions such as anxiety, anger, envy, guilt etc. easily. Openness to experience: The tendency of an individual to enjoy new ideas and experiences. Extraversion: It is the characteristics of an individual to seek recreation and to enjoy he company of other people. Following table was used to assess the personality of myself and my team members. Used a scaling factor of 1 through 5 (1-Strongly disagree, 2-Disagree, 3-Neutral, 4-Agree, 5-Strongly agree) to gauge the personality of each team member using Five-Factor Model. FFM Madison Rase Duo Wang Vineesh Nambiar Zui Tao (Chris) Conscientiousness 5 5 5 5 Agreeableness 5 5 5 5 Neuroticism 1 1 1 1 Openness to Experience 5 5 5 5 Extraversion 5 5 5 5 Except for neuroticism all members scored high on the other factors in Five Factor Model (FFM). Job performance can be measured in employee evaluation. This provides the evaluation regarding the employers quality in their work. In order to determine an employees skill set is appropriately matched to the employees job it is important to conduct or perform employee evaluations. The four reasons why assessments are important are: Employee Training and Development: Strength and weakness are the first step steps for evaluating the type of training the employee needs. An evaluation helps understand the type of development programs required to benefit employee and eventually the employer. Employee Performance Goal: Evaluation stipulates the performances standards against the job. Or in other words it is the expected level of performance of job duties of an employee. Performances can be evaluated on a periodic basis as determined by the leadership of the organization. Conflict Management Among Employees: Conflicts arise from the differences in personalities. A personality assessment will help evaluating the root cause for conflicts which needs to be corrected so that the team can perform well. Employee Reward and Recognition: Most organization compensation structure is based on performance measurement through employee evaluations. It gives the upper leadership of an organization to recognize employees hard work, dedication and commitment. Perception (Appendix A- Figure 5). can be defined as the process of receiving information about, and making sense of, the world around us (McShane and Von Glinow, 2015, p. 72). The process begins with the stimuli received through our senses of which some are retained and most screened out after bombarding with our senses. The retained information then gets organized and interpreted. So the process of only attending to some information while ignoring the other is called selective attention and is greatly influenced by the characteristic of the person or object being perceived. Additionally, the characteristics of the perceiver also influence selective attention. So, this can lead to different problems within an organization or team one of which is called confirmation bias. The process of readily accepting confirming information and screening out that are contrary to our values and assumptions is called Confirmation bias. Below are some of the perception related issues an organization or a manager should consider when dealing with team members. Minimization of Stereotyping: stereotyping is something that is existent in all organizations and teams. People engage in stereotyping because it is a natural and mostly nonconscious process. Stereotyping lays the foundation for discriminatory attitudes and behavior. It can be minimized by providing appropriate trainings to team members and by efforts from managers in educating them. Minimization of Attribution Errors: It is the tendency of an individual to explain someones behavior based on the internal factors such as personality or disposition and intern underestimate the influence of external factors have on another persons behavior. One of the major causes for the conflicts between the teams is when attribution error exists so, manager or upper leadership make efforts to cultivate good understanding within the team member thus, reducing conflicts. Creating Self-Fulfilling Prophecies: A self-fulfilling prophecies is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true as a result of the positive feedback between belief and behavior or in other words it is a belief that comes true because we are acting as if it is already true. For example, if one believes that his or her project is strong and feel confident about it the person will most likely write a strong confident letter. This faith in the project and oneself will also serve well when it comes to for example, marketing the project. So, promoting self-fulfilling prophesies will lead to team success. Minimizing Halo Effect: it is a tendency for an impression created in one area to influence opinion in other area. In an organization halo effect occurs when a supervisor gives an employee a rating in all areas of performances based on a general impression of that person. Is also has an impact on employees sees themselves. They tend to develop their own insights about their performances and the companys overall performances based on the management feedback. Halo effect can be reduced by developing a training plan to build the capacity of the managers along with including information on how evaluations can be done more accurately. An Individualism can be defined as a value described to a degree in which the people with a culture emphasize personal uniqueness and independence. Where when it comes for a group with a harmony it becomes collectivisms. Power Distance is the value describing the degree by which people in a culture who accepts power in the society which is unequal. U.A.E from Asia and Germany from Europe where the countries where selected for evaluating Individualism/collectivism and Power distance. VALUE SAMPLE COUNTRY ANALYSIS Individualism/Collectivism High: Germany Low: United Arab Emirates In Germany, small families with a focus on the parent-children relationship rather than aunts and uncles are most common. There is a strong belief in the ideal of self-actualization. Loyalty is based on personal preferences for people as well as a sense of duty and responsibility. United Arab Emirates scored a low for individualism/collectivism. Loyalty in a collectivist culture is dominant, and supersedes most other societal rules and regulations. The society fosters strong relationships where everyone takes responsibility for fellow members of their group. In collectivist societies offence leads to shame and loss of face, employer/employee relationships are perceived in moral terms (like a family link), hiring and promotion decisions take account of the employees in-group, management is the management of groups. Power Distance High: United Arab Emirates Low: Germany In United Arab Emirates people accept a hierarchical order in which everybody has a place and which needs no further justification. Hierarchy in an organization is seen as reflecting inherent inequalities, centralization is popular, subordinates expect to be told what to do and the ideal boss is a benevolent autocrat Germany is highly decentralized and supported by a strong middle class. Co-determination rights are comparatively extensive and hence have to be taken into account by the management. A direct and participative communication and meeting style is common, control is disliked and leadership is challenged to show expertise and best accepted when its based on it. From Vince Lombardis quote Individual commitment to a group effortthat is what makes a team work, a company work, a society work, a civilization work. It was a great experience working with the team and we did not find much difficulty in completing the work together. We did follow the basic guidelines upon the team cohesion, personality, controlling social loafing and perception. We put conscious efforts to control any conflicts by establishing a good leadership in the team and also built a team culture among us. Adopting these strategies would eventually lead to a good team and will contribute to a successful organization. References McShane, S. L., Von Glinow, M. A. Y. (2015). Organizational behavior. New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill Greenberg, Jerald. Behaviour in Organization. Tenth ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2011. Plant, L. (2012). Motivation and feedback influencing change in the goal-setting process (Order No. MR84417). Available from ProQuest Business Collection. (1115315275). Retrieved from https://0-search.proquest.com.library.svsu.edu/docview/1115315275?accountid=960 Lee, S. (1998). The relationship of personality type to self-perceived and faculty-perceived managerial effectiveness among college and university sport/physical education administrators in the republic of korea (Order No. 9820638). Available from ProQuest Business Collection. (304482798). Retrieved from https://0-search.proquest.com.library.svsu.edu/docview/304482798?accountid=960 Townsend, W. (2013). INNOVATION AND THE PERCEPTION OF RISK IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR. International Journal of Organizational Innovation (Online), 5(3), 21-34. Retrieved from https://0-search.proquest.com.library.svsu.edu/docview/1419395542?accountid=960 Alonso, A. (2003). The attribution of motives to organizational citizenship behaviors: The influence of personality, gender and ethnicity (Order No. 3085811). Available from Psychology Database. (305233252). Retrieved from https://0-search.proquest.com.library.svsu.edu/docview/305233252?accountid=960 Yu, C. (2005). An I -P -O model of team goal, leader goal orientation, team cohesiveness, and team effectiveness (Order No. 3202366). Available from ProQuest Business Collection. (305360282). Retrieved from https://0-search.proquest.com.library.svsu.edu/docview/305360282?accountid=960 Suleiman, J., Watson, R. T. (2008). Social loafing in technology-supported teams. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), 17(4), 291-309. Retrieved from https://0-search.proquest.com.library.svsu.edu/docview/622218484?accountid=960 Mortenson, S. T. (2002). Sex, communication values, and cultural values: Individualism-collectivism as a mediator of sex differences in communication values in two cultures. Communication Reports, 15(1), 57-70. Retrieved from https://0-search.proquest.com.library.svsu.edu/docview/203808136?accountid=960 APPENDIX A: DIAGRAMS Figure 1. CANOE Figure 2. TEAM COHESION Figure 3. MASLOW THEORY OF MOTIVATION Figure 4. EQUITY THEORY OF MOTIVATION Figure 5. PRECEPTION Types and Forms of Racism: Exploration of the US Types and Forms of Racism: Exploration of the US Racism has been around for a long it and it is quite difficult to point out whether it is going to end today or in the near future. Many people would think of racism in terms of Whites oppressing the Blacks but there are various forms of racial discrimination that we will analyze shortly. Racial discrimination overall is not a good thing. Those who practice it should put themselves on the shoes of those being oppressed and try to visualize how good or bad it is. From there we would have an equal platform of reasoning together. In the United States, there are different groups of people that are discriminated against. This includes; the Native Americans, African Americans, Latin Americans, Arabs and Muslims and Iranians. Introduction Racism in simple terms can be described as the hatred one human being hast towards another human being (Human Rights Watch May, 2008). This hatred is based on the differences in skin color, language, place of origin and cultural customs. One group of individuals believes that their group is better than the other. An example of the worst racism is that of the Whites towards the Africans. Some, even up to today believe that Africans are incomplete creatures. This is what led to the early slave trade and the present enslavement. Racism also exists among the Whites themselves depending on whether one is an Easterner or a westerner. This is influenced by the superpower capability that a country possesses. Racism has led to slavery, war, splitting of nations and formation of new ones and drafting of legal codes. Types of Racism There exist different types of racism as described by Human Rights Watch (May, 2008); the first type is the historical racism. This comes about due to a persons lineage and decent. People with common historical origins, but not necessarily biological characteristics, fall under this category. It is used to categorize nation states in Europe. For example the Nazi eagle, Aryan cross; was believed to be superior to other nations. The second type of racism is the institutional based racism. This is put in place to protect the interests of a certain group and maintain the status quo of inequality among the society members. This can best be expressed by the apartheid rule that was in place in South Africa. The third type of racism is the scientific type of racism. This classifies people to have superior characteristics than the other for example intelligence due to brain size, a fore head which is sloping. It is believed there is a hierarchy of races and this is what was used a justificati on to colonize others. The last type of racism is new racism. This is based on new expressions. This encompasses immigrants, integration and cultural values. Forms of Racism According to Human Rights Watch (May, 2008), racism can be classified into two categories: Minority racism and majority racism. Minority racism is practiced by affluent minority groups that look at themselves as special and in some circumstances; you find that they have support from some external powers. This kind of racism tends to be closely linked with imperialism. It is usually y called minority racism from above. Western imperialism falls under this category as well as the former colonials that practiced apartheid in South Africa. The Whites were unable to exterminate the local Africans as they did with the natives of North America. The Chinese nationalism also falls under this group. The Chinese Diaspora views themselves as a superior ethnic group especially in Southeast Asia. Jews, in Israel, view themselves as a minority group surrounded and oppressed by the Arabs. However, the Jews are many in number in Israel. This emanates from the Arabs desire to oppress the oppressor. Th is view of the Jews is what is known as minority racism from below. Majority racism from above is a populist in nature usually based on racial reversal for example the Hutu and Tutsi genocide in Rwanda or Sinhala, who discriminated the Tamils (Human Rights Watch May, 2008). There is usually a divide and rule force behind this kind of discrimination. In the United States, this can be illustrated by the hatred the natives had against the immigrants. Racism from below is the common form of racism experienced in the West. This is illustrated by discrimination against the African Americans or discrimination against the Native Americans. African American is the most hated group due to the poverty levels they exhibit and the crime rate levels they are involved in. Racism can be more dangerous and hurtful if its forces are being propagated by a well social-economic class. Anti-racism in many cases is involved in trying to distribute power equal in terms of economy, employment opportunities, access to social amenities and education thus eliminating ethnic ten sions that may arise Overview of Racism in the United States Racism in the United States dates back as far as to the colonial era (Anthony 34). Inequality in human rights has been witnessed by the Native Americans, African Americans, Mexican Americans and Asian Americans. Racial discrimination dates as far back as the 17th century up to the 1960s. Only the White Americans enjoyed access to literacy, the right to acquire and own land, citizenship, and the right to vote, immigration and a right to a fair trial in court proceedings. Other European groups like the Jews and the Irish have experienced major social exclusion. Even though racism was officially banned in the mid 20th century, it continues to be experienced in areas of employment, housing, education, lending and government institution. Many people have not accepted the ban and thus racism continues to be experienced in terms of segregation, slavery, reservations, residential schools, internment groupings and Indian wars. Discrimination is also evidenced in terms of religion. Muslims are discriminated against due the activities of extremists and are thus, widely viewed as terrorists (Alvin Poussaint, par 3). Recent Day Racism Situation According to a United Nations Committee on Elimination of Racial Discrimination report (March 2008) reported by Anthony (38), the United States has or it is failing to meet international standards on racial equality. The equality disparities are being witnessed education, housing, criminal justice and healthcare. In March 2006, the same committee criticized the United States for not upholding the right of land ownership policy by the Native American. The committee wanted the United States to enforce the United Nations declaration on the rights of indigenous communities. The United States was also to provide a detailed report on what it had done to promote the culture of indigenous Hawaiian, Alaska and Indian Americans (Alvin Poussaint, par 3). The committee also observed that there was indiscriminate environmental racism and environmental degradation of spiritual areas and also areas that held certain cultural significances. The environmental degradation in question includes mining o n sacred lands. Anthony (37) reports that racial discrimination was also observed in the judicial system. This was so especially with the death penalty and life imprisonment sentence. It was observed that minors were sentenced to either of the two harsh sentences as compared to their other counterparts who received a more lenient sentence having been convicted of the same crime. The committee was outraged by the governments comments that black kids get life without parole because of the many crimes they had committed. The committee was also not happy in the way the United States continued to hold non-U.S. suspects of terrorism in the Guantanamo Bay prison. The wanted the United states to expose the prisoners to a judiciary review. To them, this was just another form of racial discrimination. Ajamu Baraka of the Human rights network observes Racial discrimination has been normalized and accepted as a way of American life (Anti-Defamation League, par 4). The committee advised the United States to set up a Human Rights body that will keep track and oversee racial discrimination or disparities. The committee went ahead to warn the United States that it is not above the law. Racism in the Criminal Justice System According to Anti-Defamation League (par 4), the United States criminal justice system has been mentioned negatively in various print and news media. It is said to be racial based. It is said that African Americans are usually targeted and severely punished as compared to their white counterparts. The following few incidents go on to show the extent to which the criminal justice system is said to be rotten. According to a Human Rights Watch (May, 2008), the Whites and Africans who are involved in drug trafficking are fairly the same. The United States African American population is made up of only 13% and those using drugs are made up of 14%. However, when it comes to arrests made on those dealing with drugs, the majority are African Americans. It beats the logic how come it is only the African Americans who are arrested the most. It is also reported that stops that are made by police involves mainly Blacks and the Latinos (Anthony 62). It is said that 80% of the stops made by NYPD in New York involved either Blacks or Latinos. For these stops, 85 % were frisked while only 8% of the white stops made were frisked. The same happenings are reported to be the same elsewhere in the country. In California, for example, it was found that Blacks were stopped times more compared to the Whites. It has also been revealed that once arrests are made, the Blacks are more likely to remain in jail awaiting trial as compared to the white counterparts. In a 1995 review report on the rate of trial of felonies carried out by the New York State Division of Criminal Justice, it was found out that 33% more Blacks would be detained awaiting trial as compared to their White counterparts 80 % of people convicted of a crime seek a public defender. The higher numbers of people seeking a public defender are Blacks. The public defenders ar e an overworked lot who are underpaid and effectively, it means the poor Blacks who cannot afford the services of a private attorney will contend with the services of a tired and disgruntled public defender. In the end, the Blacks stand a big chance to lose their cases (Anti-Defamation League, par 3). As reported by Anti-Defamation League (par 3), the Equal Justice Initiative released a report on June 2010, arguing that African American are underrepresented or excluded from the criminal jury services. It is reported that in Houston County, Ala, 8 of the 10 African American juries have been barred from participating on death penalty cases. It is said only few cases end up in the trial chambers. The main reason being, the African Americans plead guilty to a crime they did not commit so as to avoid the flawed court process that can sentence them for a long period for a crime they did not commit. It is also reported that Blacks found guilty are likely to receive a sentence that is 10% longer than their white counter parts for a similar crime. The report still goes on to say that 20% more Blacks are likely to be sentenced to prison on drug offences as compared to the Whites while 21% more will receive the compulsory minimum sentence. According to Anthony (2009), in July, 2009, the sentencing Project reported that more people who are not Whites were receiving the long term serving sentences. It reported that 2/3 of the people servicing life imprisonment were either the Blacks or the Latinos. According to the Congressional Testimony for The Sentencing Project report mentioned by Anthony (34), 56% of those in prison convicted of drug offences are the Blacks. This is a big contrast compared their population of 13% and drug users of 14%. The United States Bureau of Justice Statistics shows that a male by born it the year 2001 is likely to go to jail five times and three times for Latinos more than a white boy born in the same year. There are about 16% juvenile Black American youth in the whole population and about 28 % juvenile arrests are made. 37% of the juveniles are imprisoned in juvenile jails and about 56% are sent to adult prisons (Anti-Defamation League, par 5). The United States has the highest percentage of population in prison than any other country in the world (Anti-Defamation League, par 5). However, the majority of the prisoners are Black males. This is according to the ABC News report. It is reported that even after the prison stint, racial discrimination continues to be felt outside prison. Whites who have criminal records are treated better than Blacks who do not have a criminal record. Whites who are released from prison have a higher percentage likelihood of being called back compared to Blacks also who have a criminal record. Impacts of Racism Racism has some negative psychological effect. Delivering a key address, Allavian Poussaint (1993) said; to be black in America is to be a suspect (par 2). A black has to prove that he/she has no ill motive. Competence also has to be proved beyond reasonable doubt. Thus a black will not walk comfortably in the streets with long over his/her shoulder due to security reasons. Racism can impact negatively on one psycho-politically. Black in general has been considered to be evil. Lucifer is depicted to be black. Thus African Americans are considered to be of a dark ancestry. This in other words is promoting white purity and stigmatizing the black race. Overall, the implication is that the Blacks should be segregated, oppressed and enslaved. Racism has led to genocide. Allavian Poussaint (1993) also says that according to the white Americans, the only good Indian is a dead Indian (par 6). This shows how life has been devalued. During the civil rights struggle, several people were killed. Anthony (2009) reiterates that the law is not applied in equal terms. This is especially with the death penalty. It is said that minorities who are sentenced to death are highly likely to be executed as compared with their white counter parts. According to the anti-death penalty Organization Amnesty International, murderers of white people are 6 times likely to be executed as compared to the killers of the black people. It goes to show that the judicial system values White live than that of Blacks and other minority groups. Global Research (2008) has indicated that racism has led to formation of attack gangs. In Southern California for instance, there are African American and Mexican American gangs. The gangs have special mafias who attack each other i.e. the Mexican kills the Blacks and the Blacks kill the Mexicans on sight. This has also been witnessed in the prisons where riots have been reported due to one group attacking the other. The Black Americans have not had a cordial relationship with the black immigrants. This is based on the cultural and social differences that exist between them. Anthony (37) argues that there is disparity in wealth creation. The tax policies have restricted people on how to acquire wealth. The Social Security Acts excludes some sectors of the economy such as agriculture where most minority groups work and rewards other groups like the army. This has a disparity of wealth of acquisition by a factor of 1 to 10. Racism has affected negatively the health of the minorities. It is observed that the number of minorities that who visited psychiatrists was much higher as compared to Whites (Anti-Defamation League, par 3). Stress levels have also been discovered to be higher in the minorities groups. Frequent physical diseases and common colds have also been discovered to affect the minority females as compared to the white women. Inadequate health care is blamed for the many deaths observed in the black race than the white race. The Blacks lack or have inadequate medical insurance cover, reluctance to seek medical attention and poor medical service. It is said that many lives would be saved if the minority groups received proper medical attention as that of their white counter parts. The minority are no privileged to receive adequate health care if the treatment in question involves the very most recent technology. Affirmative Action Though he has been critical in highlighting the plights of the minority groups in America, Anthony (2009) adds that affirmative action has been put into place to address the historical injustice imposed on groups that were discriminated. This includes access to education, employment, health facilities. Most universities and employers are using affirmative action while admitting new students or employees respectively. Historically disadvantaged groups are given priority or a quota system is used. Opponents of affirmative action have displayed openly their discontent and would like people to be taken on merit and not on the basis of other methods. Fighting Racism at Individual Levels There exists ways that can help to fight this racism vice. A few of the ways as held by Global Research (2008) as such that could be to the sense that whenever one makes a racist joke, we are not supposed to laugh at it. Laughing encourages one to go on. Instead, we should make the person understand that the joke was not funny or we do not appreciate such kind of jokes. The worst thing is to keep silent. Instead we should speak over minds out but cautiously and politely. We should strive to learn about others and understand their cultures; the differences in our culture call for appreciation and celebration. We can learn from them and appreciate why some things are the way they are. There is no culture which is considered superior than the other. It is helps in enriching our own cultures. We should always use the correct language. It is not prudent to mention races in a conversation. Some people get offended when you use a language that it, there is an implication of racial discrimination. We should never use words haphazardly when we are not sure where one ails from. As much as possible, we should try to be role models. We should speak against but not criticize comments that are racist in nature. Educate others the negative effects of racism and narrate your own experiences to them if any. The other best thing though it can be uncomfortable is to venture into areas where one is not of the other kind. However, one should take his/her safety issues into consideration. If one learns in a White institution, one should try to venture into a Black institution or if she/he is a Christian, she/he should find time to visit a Muslim mosque. The experience will certainly be enlightening than one might expect (Global Research, par 7). If presented with projects, one should try t o do them with people who are not from their own kind. Playing at an equal level enhances the confidence of the minority and helps to cancel the bitter discrimination injustice feelings they might be harboring in their hearts. According to Anthony (2009), If one is a parent, he/she should at an early age try to mingle his/her children with the children from the other groups. One should strive to discuss TV programs and movies that could be of stereotype. This will help children to understand other people and their culture. This will help in suppressing racial discrimination traits from creeping in. As much as possible one should help and support organization that voices their ideas against racial discrimination. This will help in fighting against it and by joining these groupings; you will have a more powerful voice at the local level. People will be ready to listen to you. As they say, united we stand and apart we fall. Thus being in an organization with a common goal, great strides of achievements will be made. Conclusion It is safe to say that racism has drastically reduced with the continued legislation and having an informed populace. Religion also has played a major role in eradicating it as people believe that racism is a sin and practicing or helping in its propagation is sinning against God. Affirmative action programs have majorly benefitted the minority even though the white feel that they should be done away with total. They feel that they are the ones at the losing end. As always people try to resist change to the old ways they are used. Racial spats these days are not common. If one does an act implying racism, it is usually unconscious, unintentional and not malicious. With the reduction of racism, some things are yet to be achieved like equal employment opportunities and wages. The economic status of the minority still is wanting. This could be one of the reasons why hate crimes are still in the increase. The best way to reach a conclusive end to race disparities is to find a way of elim inating institutionalized discrimination. This kind of discrimination maintains the status quo of the society and thus the groups that have historically been disadvantaged continue to be on the losing end. As Martin Luther King Junior said that we as a nation need to undergo a radical revolution of values. Thus the United States criminal justice system must check the main cause of the problem. It should not rely on what it calls reforms; reforms of having nice beds in good position.

Belonging †A Clockwork Orange Essay

The concept of belonging is essential. To belong is to form a connection which will allow a sense of identity, without this we lose our humanity; however, conformity is in a sense a facade of belonging, as it restrains our freedom and forces us to only mimic. My studied texts show how society demands us to conform, yet conformity prevents a sense of true identity being ever created. This notion is elaborated in the novel, A Clockwork Orange. Alex is a criminal who doesn’t belong anywhere within society. In the novel, the government attempts to suppress his criminality by physically preventing him from thinking of violence—thus making him conform to their standards. This is a prime example of how society attempts to make us conform to what is considered ‘normal’. Towards the end of the novel, the character F. Alexander tells Alex: â€Å"They have turned you into something other than a human †¦ being. You have no power of choice any longer. You are committed to socially acceptable acts, a little machine capable only of good. The quote shows us the central theme of the novel; if we cannot choose where we belong we lose our humanity—thus showing us the value of choice as well as the value of individuality. The metaphor and imagery of the title, a clockwork orange, symbolises what conformity does to a man. If we cannot choose where to belong we cease to be human but clockwork, or some type of mechanism. We need to be able to choose where we belong, for if it is not chosen its authenticity ceases. The novel ends with Alex choosing the path of goodness, the established normality of society. He states; â€Å"Perhaps I was getting too old now for the sort of life I had been leading, brothers† Alex chooses to belong to society, thus allowing a connection to be formed between him and the world. Conformity and the need to conform to a group or community is the central theme throughout both of the chosen texts I have studied, those being Strictly Ballroom and A Clockwork Orange. â€Å"Strictly Ballroom† also supports the fact that society attempts to make us conform to what is considered ‘normal’. The movie shows the disastrous effect conformity and fear have among members who gain their place inside the group at the price of conformity. Shirley Hastings, for example, lives a â€Å"life half-lived† cowering before what Barry Fife will say or think. She has let the Federation so dominate her that she has no respect for Doug and can only see her son Scott in terms of winning competitions. The movie represents belonging using a variety of techniques to distinguish between the world of artifice and the more realistic world. The image of the artificial world, shown as the ballroom world, is glitzy and colourful. Luhrmann has presented this world as having power, whereas the character of Fran, shown in plain clothes and reading glasses, is initially shown as powerless, because she does not conform to the ballroom world. The movie traces the shift from a world of false belonging dominated by conformity, fear and the cynical manipulations of the ultra-sleaze Barry Fife, towards the iconic last scene where the line between spectators and professional dancers blurs and is dissolved as Scott dressed in Spanish costume and Fran in Spanish-style red dress put passion back into dance, rescuing it from the deadening effect of the old brigade. Taking the similes of the two texts we can arrive at the conclusion that conformity allows us to become part of a functioning society but can in turn stifle individuality, expression and self-identity. I’ll leave you with two thoughts from â€Å"A Clockwork Orange†. â€Å"Goodness is something to be chosen. When a man cannot choose he ceases to be a man. † And so I ask you, ‘Is it better for a man to choose to be bad than to be conditioned to be good? † That is both the crux of the issues involved and the decision we must all, as individuals, make.

Marriage, Divorce, And Cultural Changes Essay - 996 Words

î â€¹Ã®Ëœâ€¡Ã®â‚¬â€" î Ëœ î  ªÃ®  « î â€" 4 Cohabiting The second concept that I will discuss is cohabiting. Cohabiting is when a couple lives together and has a sexual relationship without being married. It has been led by the social changes/views, marriage, gender roles, and religion. According to my notes, â€Å"Cohabiting is more common among: lower level of education, insecurity, previously married people, parental divorce, and those with liberal attitudes about marriage and divorce. Now the question is, why is cohabiting increasing? Its due to delayed marriage, reduced economic incentive to marry, reduced risk of pregnancy, divorce, and cultural changes.† In the article, â€Å"How Cohabitation is Reshaping American families,† it shares that â€Å"most couples marrying today already know what living with their spouse will be like. That’s because they have been living together long before they walk down the aisle. The most common path to marriage is cohabitation, not dating. 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